Historical & Philosophical Context
Intellectual foundations, including Aristotle, process philosophy, and systems theory.
Articles
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This article examines Aristotle’s foundational role in biological thought and shows how key themes in his work continue to shape questions about biological organisation, function, and the nature of living systems.
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This article traces the long transformation of biology from Aristotle’s organism-centred natural history to modern evolutionary, cellular, molecular, and systems-based science. It emphasises both rupture and continuity: biology changed its tools, scales, and theories, but retained the need to explain organised living systems.
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From Metaphysics to Mechanism—and Beyond - The Progressive Naturalisation of Science and the Place of APS
Canonical ArticleThe history of science can be understood as a process of naturalisation, in which phenomena once treated as metaphysical or philosophical are gradually reinterpreted as empirically tractable features of the natural world. This article situates the Agency–Process–Scale (APS) framework within this trajectory, showing how APS extends the naturalisation of biology by grounding agency, purpose, normativity, and meaning in the organisation of living systems.